Low-frequency magnetoelectric antennas: a review
Purpose of the work. To provide a systematic review of the current state of low-frequency magnetoelectric (ME) antennas, including analysis of operating principles, design evolution, and development prospects. Materials and methods. An analysis of scientific publications on ME antennas was carried out. Comparative analysis and generalization methods were used to identify key trends. Results. The basic operating principles of ME antennas and their radiation mechanism, resulting from the combined contribution of electric and magnetic dipoles, are considered. Design methods for improving radiation efficiency are analyzed: hybrid magneto-mechano-electric (MME) antennas with an oscillating magnet and Rosen-type structures. Ways to expand functionality are studied, including increasing data transmission rates (up to 2 kbps), eliminating the external bias field (bias-free antennas), and using antenna arrays to control bandwidth and sensitivity. Special attention is paid to the materials science approach to optimizing piezo-electrics, which makes it possible to simultaneously achieve high piezoelectric activity and mechanical quality factor (using the example of piezoceramics based on the solid solution Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O3–Pb(Zr0.49Ti0.51)O3. Conclusion. It is shown that the technology of low-frequency ME antennas is developing rapidly: from basic prototypes to complex hybrid structures, high-speed emitters, autonomous bias-free antennas, and antenna arrays. Key directions for further research are identified: hybridization of radiation sources, structural optimization, creation of materials with improved properties, as well as solving problems of communication range, integration, and standardization. Promising application areas are outlined: underwater and underground communications, biomedicine, defense, and navigation.
Authors: V. S. Komarov, V. S. Leontiev, I. Yu. Markov, M. I. Bichurin
Direction: Physics
Keywords: low-frequency communication, very low frequencies, magnetoelectric antenna, magnetoelectric effect, piezoelectric, magnetostriction, Metglas, PZT, Terfenol-D, underwater communication
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